Type
Chandeliers are based on the early chain hung branching candle holders.  Varying in style from casually simple to extremely ornate they are a focal point for decorating and create a sense of intimacy.
Vanity lighting is used to illuminate the mirror in a bathroom, usually a diffused strip light. 
UL listed for damp locations is essential.
Wall Sconces were originally based on wall-mounted candle holders.  They will provide ambient lighting where ceiling mounted fixtures are not appropriate. Usually mounted 5 to 6 feet above the floor.
Mini-pendants create an eye pleasing accent singely in a niche or at a side table or arranged in a casual grouping or line along a bar, counter or table. 
Do not mount above eye level unless the ambient level is high.
Outdoor lighting provides security and expands the living area to include the surrounding property.  A beautiful and functional way to improve your home.
Fixtures that mount directly to the ceiling or within several inches of it are used for ambient lighting where smaller fixtures are desired such as in the middle of a room or where low ceilings make pendant mounting undesirable.

 
Ceiling Fans are very beneficial fixtures providing a cooling breeze in summer and recirculating heated air in the winter creating energy savings to the homeowner.  Optional light kits add an illuminating touch of beauty to catch the eye.
Island or Billiard fixtures are designed specifically to complement and illuminate those favorite gathering spots.  Beauty and light without obstructing your work or play area.
Typically a hanging fixture with a single focus.  It may be a single light, a bowl fixture or a close chandelier for a nook or other focused area.